Rowlat Act
It gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities and allowed the detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.
- Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violent civil disobedience against Rowlat Act, which would start with a bartal on 6 April.
- In 1919, Gandhiji decided to launch Satyagraha against Rowlat Act (1919).
Rowlat Satyagraha
- Rallies were organized, workers went on strike in railway workshops, and shops closed down.
- Due to this they were scared that lines of communication like railways and telegraph would be disrupted.
- Local leaders were picked up from Amritsar, and Mahatma Gandhi was barred from entering Delhi.
- Police fired upon a peaceful procession, revoking attacks on banks, post offices, and railway stations.
- Martial law was imposed and General Dyer took command.
Jallianwalla Bagh Incident
- It took place on 13 April 1919.
- A large crowd gathered in the enclosed ground of Jallianwalla Bagh.
- Some peoples came to protest against the government's new repressive measures.
- Some came to attend the annual Baisakhi fair.
- Dyer entered, blocked the exit points, and opened fire on the crowd, killing hundreds.
Impacts of Jallianwalla Bagh Incident
- Crowds took to the street in north Indian towns.
- There were strikes, clashes with the police, and attacks on government buildings.
- The government seeks to humiliate and terrorise people: forced to rub their noses on the ground, crawl on the streets, and do salaam to all Sahibs.
- People were flogged and villages were bombed.
- Mahatma Gandhi called off Rowlat Satyagraha due to the spreading of Violence.
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