Conductors
The substance which allows the electricity to pass through them easily is known as conductors. Conductors have electrons (electric charges) inside them that are free to move inside the material.
- When some charge is transferred to the conductors it easily gets distributed to the entire surface of the conductor.
- For example - metals, human and animal bodies, earth, etc.
Insulators
The substances which do not allow electricity to pass through them easily are known as insulators. Insulators offer high resistance to the passage of electricity.
- When some charge is transferred to the insulators, it stays at the same place.
- For example - nylon, plastic, wood, porcelain, etc.
Earthing (or Grounding)
The process of sharing electrons with the earth is called earthing or grounding.
- It provides safety measures to the electrical appliances and circuits.
- A thick metal plate or metal is buried inside the earth for earthing.
- Metallic bodies of electric appliances such as electric iron, TV, refrigerator, etc are connected to the earth wire.
Why earthing is necessary?
When any fault occurs in live wire or live wire touches the metallic parts of the electrical appliances then excess charge present on it flows to the earth without damaging the electrical appliance and without causing any injury to the humans. That's why earthing necessary.
Electric Wiring
Electric wiring is an electrical installation of electrical devices like distribution boards, fuses, switches, sockets, bulbs, etc by cabling in a systematic way.
- The electric wiring in our homes consists of three wires that are live, neutral, and earth wire.
- Live and neutral carry electric current from the power station.
- Earth wire is earthed by connecting it to the metal plate or metal.
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